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Respiratory health effects of livestock farm emissions in neighbouring residents.

Borlée, F. Respiratory health effects of livestock farm emissions in neighbouring residents. Utrecht: Universiteit Utrecht, 2018. 222 p. Proefschrift Universiteit Utrecht
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Background
This thesis was conducted as part of the Livestock Farming and Neighbouring Residents’ Health Study (in Dutch: Veehouderij en Gezondheid Omwonenden, the VGO study) which aims to investigate health of residents living in the vicinity of livestock farms.

Method
The first part of the VGO study consisted of a questionnaire survey among patients from 21 general practitioner (GP) practices which were located in a rural area with the highest farm density of the Netherlands. In total 14,882 subjects completed the questionnaire (53.4% response). The second part of the VGO study consisted of a health examination survey. Questionnaire respondents who gave consent for a follow‐up study, and who were not working or living on a farm were eligible. Between March 2014 en February 2015, 2,494 non‐farming subjects (34.7% response) participated to the health examination which included the completion of a second and more extended questionnaire, length and weight measurements, a lung function measurement (pre‐ and post‐bronchodilator spirometry) and collection of serum. Exposure to livestock farms was computed for each subject based on their home address and the location of farms in their vicinity.

Main results
The first main result showed that both spatial and temporal variation in livestock air pollution are associated with lung function deficits in non‐farming residents. The second main result showed more symptoms among COPD patients who are living in close proximity to livestock farms. The third main result indicates potentially beneficial health effects of living in close proximity to farms.

Conclusions
Further epidemiological studies are needed to replicate and expand our findings and findings of other studies before we can infer causality. Moreover, more detailed characterization of livestock associated environmental exposures ‐ including bioaerosol analysis and secondary inorganic aerosol formation ‐ is needed.
Furthermore, research into the impact of emissions from livestock farms on respiratory health of susceptible subgroups is warranted. In particular, children are vulnerable to the effects of air pollution because their lungs and immune system are not fully developed.