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The training and assessment of surgical skills in robot assisted surgery.

Beulens, A.J.W. The training and assessment of surgical skills in robot assisted surgery. Utrecht/Amsterdam: Nivel/VU Amsterdam, 2023. 420 p. Proefschrift van de Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
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Healthcare is constantly moving towards the improvement of quality of care and safety for patients. In the Netherlands, increasing attention is being paid to the relocation of complex treatments such as different types of robot assisted surgery (RAS) to high-volume centres as it is expected to improve the quality of care and increases patient safety due to the increased exposure of surgeon and staff. The question remains whether the higher number of surgical procedures per hospital or the quality of the surgeon influences the patients outcome. There are large variations in postoperative complication rates amongst surgeon with similar surgical volumes per centre or even in the same centre. The qualification and certification of RAS skills are still in a preliminary phase within all surgical specialties, also in urology.

The introduction of the surgical robot resulted in increasing technical difficulty of these robot assisted surgeries. New methods of training for novice surgeons (residents and fellows) in these highly specialised techniques should be implemented to guarantee patient safety. Where general guidelines and certification criteria have
been set for laparoscopic surgery in the form of the European Basic Laparoscopic Urological Skills (E-BLUS) examination,8–10 no such guidelines exist for RAS.

The challenge for novice surgeons is how to learn new surgical procedures and once the procedure is learned and they become experts how to analyse past performances and subsequently use this as a lesson for the future.

The first part of the thesis focuses on the following research question: What are the best methods to educate surgeons in robotic surgery?
The second part of the thesis focuses on the following research question: How can the performance of robotic surgeon’s best be assessed?
The third part of the thesis focuses on the following research question: What is the relation between a surgeon’s performance and a patient’s postoperative outcomes?