Mariëtte Hooiveld
Publicatie
Datum
17-03-2026
Vaccine effectiveness against medically-attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in the I-MOVE primary care network in Europe, VEBIS project, 2024/25.
Lucaccioni, H., Pozo, F., Pérez-Gimeno, G., Dürrwald, R., Uras, M., Domegan, L., Oroszi, B., Meijer, A., Trobajo-Sanmartín, C., Ujvari, D., Rodrigues, A.P., Mlinarić, I., Lazar, M., Rivas, Wagner. E, Erdwiens, A., Enouf, V., McKenna, A., Túri, G., de Lange, M., Martínez-Baz, I., Latorre-Margalef, N., Guiomar, R., Kurečić Filipovic, S., Dinu, S., Mokoroa, O., Tolksdorf, K., Masse, S., Bennett, C., Kristóf, K., Hooiveld, M., Castilla, J., Santos, J., Višekruna Vučina, V., Popescu, R., Bacci, S., Kaczmarek, M., Kissling, E. Vaccine effectiveness against medically-attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in the I-MOVE primary care network in Europe, VEBIS project, 2024/25. Expert review of vaccines: 2026. 25(1), art. nr. 2645378.
Lees online
Background
We conducted a multicenter test-negative study to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically-attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care, Europe, 2024/25.
Research design and methods
Specimens were collected from patients with acute respiratory infection. All or a random sample of viruses were sequenced. VE was (1-odds ratio) × 100, adjusted for confounders.
Results
We included 7275 cases and 17,516 controls (weeks 40-2024-18-2025). Overall VE was 46% (95%CI: 40-52), lowest in adults ≥ 65 years at 28% (95%CI: 12-42). VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 30% (95%CI: 19-40); ranging 16-34% by age and vaccination target group. Most (88%) circulating clades were 5a.2a, distinct from the vaccine clade. VE was 28% (95%CI: 7-45) against 5a.2a (C.1.9), and 6% (95%CI: -62-45) against the vaccine-matched clade 5a.2a.1 (D). VE against influenza A(H3N2) was 38% (95%CI: 26-49); ranging 20-66% by age and target group. Circulating viruses belonged to the vaccine clade 2a.3a.1, with 88% subclade (J.2). VE against influenza B was 76% (95%CI: 69-81); ranging 70-80% by age and target group; all viruses belonged to vaccine clade V1A.3a.2, with diverse subclades.
Conclusions
Influenza vaccination protected approximately one in two vaccinated individuals against medically-attended infection in primary care in Europe, 2024/25, varying by (sub)type and age.
We conducted a multicenter test-negative study to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically-attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care, Europe, 2024/25.
Research design and methods
Specimens were collected from patients with acute respiratory infection. All or a random sample of viruses were sequenced. VE was (1-odds ratio) × 100, adjusted for confounders.
Results
We included 7275 cases and 17,516 controls (weeks 40-2024-18-2025). Overall VE was 46% (95%CI: 40-52), lowest in adults ≥ 65 years at 28% (95%CI: 12-42). VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 30% (95%CI: 19-40); ranging 16-34% by age and vaccination target group. Most (88%) circulating clades were 5a.2a, distinct from the vaccine clade. VE was 28% (95%CI: 7-45) against 5a.2a (C.1.9), and 6% (95%CI: -62-45) against the vaccine-matched clade 5a.2a.1 (D). VE against influenza A(H3N2) was 38% (95%CI: 26-49); ranging 20-66% by age and target group. Circulating viruses belonged to the vaccine clade 2a.3a.1, with 88% subclade (J.2). VE against influenza B was 76% (95%CI: 69-81); ranging 70-80% by age and target group; all viruses belonged to vaccine clade V1A.3a.2, with diverse subclades.
Conclusions
Influenza vaccination protected approximately one in two vaccinated individuals against medically-attended infection in primary care in Europe, 2024/25, varying by (sub)type and age.
Background
We conducted a multicenter test-negative study to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically-attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care, Europe, 2024/25.
Research design and methods
Specimens were collected from patients with acute respiratory infection. All or a random sample of viruses were sequenced. VE was (1-odds ratio) × 100, adjusted for confounders.
Results
We included 7275 cases and 17,516 controls (weeks 40-2024-18-2025). Overall VE was 46% (95%CI: 40-52), lowest in adults ≥ 65 years at 28% (95%CI: 12-42). VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 30% (95%CI: 19-40); ranging 16-34% by age and vaccination target group. Most (88%) circulating clades were 5a.2a, distinct from the vaccine clade. VE was 28% (95%CI: 7-45) against 5a.2a (C.1.9), and 6% (95%CI: -62-45) against the vaccine-matched clade 5a.2a.1 (D). VE against influenza A(H3N2) was 38% (95%CI: 26-49); ranging 20-66% by age and target group. Circulating viruses belonged to the vaccine clade 2a.3a.1, with 88% subclade (J.2). VE against influenza B was 76% (95%CI: 69-81); ranging 70-80% by age and target group; all viruses belonged to vaccine clade V1A.3a.2, with diverse subclades.
Conclusions
Influenza vaccination protected approximately one in two vaccinated individuals against medically-attended infection in primary care in Europe, 2024/25, varying by (sub)type and age.
We conducted a multicenter test-negative study to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically-attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care, Europe, 2024/25.
Research design and methods
Specimens were collected from patients with acute respiratory infection. All or a random sample of viruses were sequenced. VE was (1-odds ratio) × 100, adjusted for confounders.
Results
We included 7275 cases and 17,516 controls (weeks 40-2024-18-2025). Overall VE was 46% (95%CI: 40-52), lowest in adults ≥ 65 years at 28% (95%CI: 12-42). VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 30% (95%CI: 19-40); ranging 16-34% by age and vaccination target group. Most (88%) circulating clades were 5a.2a, distinct from the vaccine clade. VE was 28% (95%CI: 7-45) against 5a.2a (C.1.9), and 6% (95%CI: -62-45) against the vaccine-matched clade 5a.2a.1 (D). VE against influenza A(H3N2) was 38% (95%CI: 26-49); ranging 20-66% by age and target group. Circulating viruses belonged to the vaccine clade 2a.3a.1, with 88% subclade (J.2). VE against influenza B was 76% (95%CI: 69-81); ranging 70-80% by age and target group; all viruses belonged to vaccine clade V1A.3a.2, with diverse subclades.
Conclusions
Influenza vaccination protected approximately one in two vaccinated individuals against medically-attended infection in primary care in Europe, 2024/25, varying by (sub)type and age.
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