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Publication date
30-01-2026

Impact of the digital healthcare transition: experiences in general practice.

Keuper, J.J. Impact of the digital healthcare transition: experiences in general practice. Utrecht: Nivel, 310 p. Proefschrift van Tilburg University.
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Primary healthcare faces major societal challenges. Workforce shortages, rapid population ageing, and emerging pandemics are putting increased pressure on theavailability, accessibility, and quality of primary care. To safeguard these elements, structural changes in the organization and delivery of primary care are required. A widely promoted strategy to enable this change is the use of digital healthcare services. Expectations of digital healthcare are high in primary care. It improves healthcare efficiency, strengthens the previously mentioned elements of primary healthcare, empowers patients, and enhances patient-provider relationships. However, scientific research only partially supports these anticipated benefits. Its implementation often requires substantial time and effort, is associated with increased workloads in primary care, and may contribute to a digital divide and health inequities.

This thesis examines the impact of digital healthcare on general practice workload. To understand this impact, it first explores adoption patterns, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, differences across practices and patients are investigated. Finally, the contribution of digital healthcare to key challenges in strengthening the future resilience of primary care. For all studies, various data sources and research methods were applied to provide more insights into (the development of) digital healthcare use and its impact in Dutch general practice.

This thesis demonstrates that the digital transformation of general practice does not occur automatically. Although the use of digital health in general practice has increased in recent years, particularly during the COVID-19-pandemic, its effects on general practice care are diverse, context-dependent, and accompanied by substantial challenges. Future research should focus on the impact of emerging and underexplored digital healthcare applications on general practice care, on mediating and moderating factors, and on strategies to support equitable access and greater efficiency. Our findings highlight that the success of digital health in general practice depends on the engagement of patients and healthcare professionals, user-centered design, integration into existing processes, adequate support, and the preservation of non-digital healthcare options.