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Identifying most important contextual factors for the implementation of self-management interventions: a Delphi study.

Noordman, J., Heijmans, M., Poortvliet, R., Groene, O., Ballester, M., Ninov, L., Niño de Guzmán, E., Alonso-Coello, P., Orrego, C., Suñol, R. Identifying most important contextual factors for the implementation of self-management interventions: a Delphi study. Patient Education and Counseling: 2023, 114, p. Art. nr. 107843.
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Objective
To reach consensus amongst stakeholders about the most important contextual factors (CFs) that may influence the successful implementation of (components of) self-management interventions (SMIs) for type 2 diabetes, obesity, COPD and heart failure.

Methods
Building on our literature review that identified 31 CFs on different levels we conducted a Delphi with 44 stakeholders to identify which of these CFs, or additional ones, contribute most to successful implementation of SMIs. The Delphi consisted of three rounds in which the CFs were scored, prioritized and discussed.

Results
The most important CFs overlapped to a great extent across components of SMIs and diseases. Overall, stakeholders identified 'HCP's ability to adapt the advice, communication or intervention to patients' situation and level of knowledge' as most important CF.

Conclusion
CFs need to be taken into account when implementing promising SMIs. According to stakeholders, the most important CFs are patient-, HCP- or interaction related. 'Tailoring' was selected as the most crucial aspect for HCPs.

Practice implications
Stakeholders can make informed decisions on the adoption of the most suitable SMIs in a given context. These CFs are available through a self-management platform. Suggestions to implement self-management behaviour and to close the research-to-practice gap are made.