Gender differences in the types of care received, perceived quality of care and quality of life: a large-scale survey study among people with dementia.

Background
Research shows a link between quality of care and quality of life in people with dementia, but potential differences between men and women remain unexplored. This study examined gender differences in types of care received, the quality of care and quality of life of people with dementia in the Netherlands. Gender differences were explored in the relation between quality of care and quality of life.

Methods
Cross-sectional survey data were used of 449 people with dementia living in the Netherlands. Types of care were analysed with descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests. Perceived quality of care and quality of life were measured on a ten-point scale. Gender was analysed as a moderator in the quality of care-quality of life association using regression analysis. Included background characteristics were age and living situation.

Results
More women received home care, while group meetings were more common among men. Quality of care ratings were similar for men (7.6) and women (7.5), indicating fair to good care. The average quality of life was slightly lower for women (6.9) than for men (7.1; b = -.251; p < .05). A higher quality of care was associated with a higher quality of life (b = .373; p < .05). The association between quality of care and quality of life was independent of the gender (b = -.035; p > .05).

Conclusions
Men and women with dementia who were cognitively able to complete the survey differed in the types of care they received. On average, the respondents perceived the quality of care as fair to good. Quality of life was rated as fair, slightly higher for men. A higher quality of care was associated with a higher quality of life. Future studies should explore gender differences in family care and compare men and women receiving similar care.